Process and apparatus for calcining solids or sludges

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for calcining solids or sludges in a multiple-deck furnace having a firing region, which has at least one upper heated hearth and at least one lower heated hearth, and having a cooling region, which is provided with one or more unheated hearths, material to be calcined passing first into the firing region and then into the cooling region. A portion of the material to be calcined is delivered to the at least one lower heated hearth and/or to the cooling region, bypassing the at least one upper heated hearth of the firing region.

The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for calcining solids or sludges in a multiple-deck furnace having a firing region, which has at least one upper heated hearth and at least one lower heated hearth, and having a cooling region, which is provided with one or more unheated hearths, material to be calcined passing first into the firing region and then into the cooling region.

DE-AS-1 225 673 discloses a process for the dry reduction of iron ore in a multiple-deck furnace in the presence of a reducing gas and optionally a solid reducing agent. A dust separator for removing dust from the treated material is arranged above the multiple-deck furnace, it being possible to introduce the separated dust as recycled material into a central deck by means of conveyor devices.

The object of the invention is to reduce the process and the apparatus for calcining solids or sludges in respect of the specific energy requirement.

According to the invention, that object is achieved by the features of claims 1 and 12.

The process according to the invention for calcining solids or sludges provides for a multiple-deck furnace basically comprising a firing region, which has at least one upper heated hearth and at least one lower heated hearth, and a cooling region, which is provided with one or more unheated hearths. The material to be calcined passes first into the firing region and then into the cooling region. A portion of the material to be calcined is delivered to the at least one lower heated hearth and/or to the cooling region, bypassing the at least one upper heated hearth of the firing region.

The apparatus according to the invention for calcining solids or sludges basically comprises a multiple-deck furnace having a firing region, which has at least one upper heated hearth and at least one lower heated hearth, and having a cooling region, which is provided with one or more unheated hearths, and also means for delivering material to be calcined to the firing region. Delivery means are also provided in order to deliver a portion of the material to be calcined to the at least one lower heated hearth and/or to the cooling region, bypassing the at least one upper heated hearth of the firing region.

The invention is based on the recognition that the temperature of the material in the cooling region is more than sufficient adequately to heat and to calcine material that is delivered to one of the lower hearths of the firing region, bypassing the firing region. If the solids or sludges are magnesite, the necessary calcination temperature is approximately 600° C. Adequate intermixing of the hot calcined material and the delivered, optionally cold, fresh material in the material bed is ensured by the evacuating arms of the multiple-deck furnace and their evacuating blades. Owing to the necessary calcination enthalpy of the delivered material and the heat capacity thereof, there is a marked effect on the temperature profile in the downstream hearths. Thus, not only can the specific energy requirement be reduced but an increase in the capacity of existing units that have already been charged to capacity, especially in the firing region, is also possible. Furthermore, the material discharge temperature decreases and this leads to a lessening of the load on, and an increase in the capacity of, the downstream cooling stage, which is indispensable in a two-stage sintering process with interposed fine-milling, complying with market requirements.

The portion of the material to be calcined that is delivered to the at least one lower heated hearth and/or to the cooling region, bypassing the at least one upper heated hearth of the firing region, is to be so dimensioned that the product quality of the calcined total mass flow still complies with specifications or meets the requirements of the downstream process, especially the particle bulk density to be achieved in the sintering fire.

Further developments of the invention are the subject-matter of the subordinate claims.

According to one development of the invention, at least one portion of the material to be calcined is delivered to a pre-heating region upstream of the firing region. It is then also possible for the portion of the material to be calcined that has been delivered to the at least one lower heated hearth and/or to the cooling region, bypassing the at least one upper heated hearth of the firing region, to have a smaller particle size than has the material delivered to the pre-heating region.

According to a further development, the portion of the material to be calcined delivered further down is from 3 to 30%, preferably from 5 to 15% of all of the material to be calcined. Moreover, the delivered portion of the material to be calcined is delivered to a region in which the material already present has a temperature of at least 400° C., preferably at least 600° C.

It is also provided that the delivered portion of the material to be calcined is fresh material. Within the scope of the invention, it is, however, also possible for the delivered portion of the material to be calcined to be material that has been discharged from the pre-heating region.

Further advantages and developments of the invention are explained in more detail hereinafter by means of the description and the drawing.

The drawing shows a schematic sectioned representation of the apparatus according to the invention for calcining solids or sludges.

The apparatus shown in the drawing for calcining solids or sludges basically has a multiple-deck furnace 1 which basically comprises a pre-heating region 1 a having several unheated hearths 2, a firing region 1 b having several upper heated hearths 3 and several lower heated hearths 4, and also a cooling region 1 c having several unheated hearths 5.

The hearths are alternately in the form of inner hearths and outer hearths. The inner hearths have internal annular openings 6 and the outer hearths have radially external transfer points 7. Each hearth is also equipped with rotating evacuating arms 8 carrying evacuating blades 9 in order to convey the material inwards, in the case of the inner hearths, to the annular opening 6 and outwards, in the case of the outer hearths, to the transfer points 7. At the annular opening 6 and the transfer points 7, the material falls into the hearth below.

The material 16 to be calcined is delivered to the uppermost hearth by way of a material feed point 10. The path of the material through the multiple-deck furnace 1 is shown by a broken line. The lowermost hearth is provided with a material discharge point 11 which is used to discharge the material.

In counter-flow to the material, a stream of gas 12 flows through the multiple-deck furnace and, in the cooling region 1 c, cools the calcined material and, in the upper hearths, pre-heats the material to be calcined. This gas stream 12 is removed by way of a ventilation outlet 13 in the region of the uppermost hearth. The rotation of the evacuating arms is effected by means of a suitable drive device 14.

Whereas the hearths of the pre-heating region 1 a and of the cooling region 1 c are unheated hearths, the hearths 3, 4 of the firing region 1 b are heated and are provided, for example, with burners 15.

In the process according to the invention for calcining solids or sludges, the majority of the material 16 to be calcined is delivered to the multiple-deck furnace by way of the material feed point 10. The material is first of all pre-heated in the hearths of the pre-heating region 1 a by means of the hot gas stream 12 before it is calcined in the hearths of the firing region 1 b. The material is then cooled in the hearths of the cooling region 1 c.

A portion 17 of the material to be calcined is also delivered to the cooling region 1 c, bypassing the upper heated hearths 3 of the firing region 1 b (arrow 19). It would also be possible for the entire quantity or a portion thereof to be delivered not to the cooling region 1 c but to at least one lower heated hearth 4.

According to a preferred development of the invention, the portion 17 of the material to be calcined is delivered to the cooling region, bypassing the entire firing region. The material can be fed either only to the uppermost hearth of the cooling region 1 c or to several hearths of the cooling region 1 c.

The delivered portion 17 of the material to be calcined is preferably fresh material 20. It is, however, also possible to discharge from one of the hearths of the pre-heating region 1 a material 21 which is then delivered to one of the lower hearths 4, especially the lowermost heated hearth 4, and/or to the cooling region 1 c. In order to discharge the material, suitable means 22 for discharging the material are provided.

If the delivered portion 17 of the material to be calcined is fresh material 20, it is possible for that portion 17 of the material to be calcined to have a smaller particle size than has the material 16 to be calcined delivered to the pre-heating region 1 a. Basically, the quantity of the delivered portion 17 will depend on the product quality of the calcined total mass flow. In the tests on which the invention is based, a proportion of the portion 17 of the material to be calcined delivered further down in the range of from 3 to 30%, preferably in the range of from 5 to 15% of all of the material to be calcined has proved to be especially advantageous.

It should also be noted that the portion 17 of the material to be calcined delivered further down is delivered to a region in which the material present has such a high temperature that the delivered material is still calcined to a sufficient extent. Advantageously, the temperature in that region is at least 400° C., preferably 600° C.

The apparatus described above is suitable especially for calcining magnesite, dolomite or lime.

In addition to a marked increase in the capacity of a multiple-deck furnace 1 already charged to capacity in conventional operation, there is also a marked reduction in the material discharge temperature. A marked saving in energy is also noticed because the portion 17 of the material delivered further down is calcined by the heat of the material coming out of the firing region. 

1. Process for calcining solids or sludges in a multiple-deck furnace (1) having a firing region (1 b), which has at least one upper heated hearth (3) and at least one lower heated hearth (4), and having a cooling region (1 c), which is provided with one or more unheated hearths (5), material to be calcined passing first into the firing region and then into the cooling region, characterised in that a portion (17) of the material to be calcined is delivered to the at least one lower heated hearth (4) and/or to the cooling region (1 c), bypassing the at least one upper heated hearth (3) of the firing region (1 b).
 2. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the portion (17) of the material to be calcined delivered to the at least one lower heated hearth (4) and/or to the cooling region (1 c), bypassing the at least one upper heated hearth (3) of the firing region (1 b), is calcined by the heat of the material coming out of the firing region (1 b).
 3. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that a portion (17) of the material to be calcined is delivered to the cooling region (1 c), bypassing the firing region (1 b).
 4. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that at least one portion (17) of the material to be calcined is delivered to a pre-heating region (1 a) upstream of the firing region (1 b).
 5. Process according to claim 4, characterised in that the portion (17) of the material to be calcined delivered to the at least one lower heated hearth (4) and/or to the cooling region (1 c), bypassing the at least one upper heated hearth (3) of the firing region (1 b), has a smaller particle size than has the material delivered to the pre-heating region (1 a).
 6. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the portion (17) of the material to be calcined delivered to the at least one lower heated hearth (4) and/or to the cooling region (1 c), bypassing the at least one upper heated hearth (3) of the firing region (1 b), amounts to from 3 to 30%, preferably from 5 to 15% of all of the material to be calcined.
 7. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the portion (17) of the material to be calcined delivered to the at least one lower heated hearth (4) and/or to the cooling region (1 c), bypassing the at least one upper heated hearth (3) of the firing region (1 b), is delivered to a region in which the material already present still has a temperature of at least 400° C., preferably at least 600° C.
 8. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the portion (17) of the material to be calcined that is to be delivered to the cooling region (1 c), bypassing the firing region (1 b), is fed into one or more hearths (5) of the cooling region (1 c).
 9. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that a portion of the material to be calcined can be discharged from the multiple-deck furnace (1) from any hearth of the pre-heating region (1 a), of the firing region (1 b) or of the cooling region (1 c).
 10. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the material (16, 17) to be calcined is magnesite, dolomite or lime.
 11. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the portion (17) of the material to be calcined delivered to the at least one lower heated hearth (4) and/or to the cooling region (1 c), bypassing the at least one upper heated hearth (3) of the firing region (1 b), is fresh material (20).
 12. Apparatus for calcining solids or sludges in a multiple-deck furnace (1) having a firing region (1 b), which has at least one upper heated hearth (3) and at least one lower heated hearth (4), and having a cooling region (1 c), which is provided with one or more unheated hearths (5), and also means for delivering material to be calcined to the firing region, characterised by delivery means for delivering a portion (17) of the material to be calcined to the at least one lower heated hearth (4) and/or to the cooling region (1 c), bypassing the at least one upper heated hearth (3) of the firing region (1 b).
 13. Apparatus according to claim 12, characterised in that a preheating and/or drying region (1 a) having one or more hearths is arranged upstream of the firing region (1 b).
 14. Apparatus according to claim 13, characterised in that means (22) are provided for discharging a portion of the material to be calcined from the preheating region (1 a) and/or from the firing region (1 b). 